2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda sera gaz\u0131 konsantrasyonlar\u0131 yeni bir zirveye ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve karbondioksit oran\u0131 sanayi devrimi \u00f6ncesi seviyelerin % 148’ine, metan % 260’\u0131na ve azot oksit ise % 123’\u00fcne ula\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r: Atmosferdeki sera gaz\u0131 seviyesi rekorlar\u0131n\u0131 getiren insan faaliyetleri ve bunlar\u0131n sonucu ise iklim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fidir (WMO, 2021).<\/p>\n
Gezegenin bir y\u0131lda \u00fcretti\u011fi do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131 insanlar\u0131n t\u00fcketti\u011fi g\u00fcn, yani iktisat diliyle ifade edilirse talebin arz\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcn, D\u00fcnya Limit A\u015f\u0131m\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc olarak ifade edilmektedir. 2021 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7in Limit A\u015f\u0131m\u0131 G\u00fcn\u00fc ise 29 Temmuz olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir. Bunun anlam\u0131 insanlar (WWF, 2021):<\/p>\n
\u2022D\u00fcnyan\u0131n bir y\u0131l i\u00e7in verdiklerini yedi ay i\u00e7inde t\u00fcketmi\u015fler,<\/p>\n
\u2022 Bir ba\u015fka ifadeyle 1,7 D\u00fcnya varm\u0131\u015f gibi davranm\u0131\u015flar,<\/p>\n
\u2022 Y\u0131l\u0131n geri kalan be\u015f ay\u0131 i\u00e7in 2022’nin kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketmek durumunda kalm\u0131\u015flar,<\/p>\n
\u2022 T\u00fcketim h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ise \u2018Limit A\u015f\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hesaplanmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131 1970\u2019lerden bu yana en y\u00fcksek seviyeye \u00e7\u0131kartm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. D\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde kaynaklar\u0131n bu denli h\u0131zl\u0131 t\u00fcketilmesi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda baz\u0131 \u00f6nlemler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi modeli, enerji ve do\u011fal kaynaklar\u0131n verimli kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, at\u0131klar\u0131n geri kazan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7evreye zarar vermeyen, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir geli\u015fmeye katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan ye\u015fil ekonomi modeli olarak g\u00fcndeme gelmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin \u00fcretimi, kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 ve at\u0131lmas\u0131 s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini (al \u2013 yap \u2013 at) kapsayan do\u011frusal ekonomi modeline dayanan ve yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan \u00fcretim\/ t\u00fcketim yap\u0131s\u0131 yerini, d\u00fcnyada giderek at\u0131\u011f\u0131n geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek yeniden de\u011ferlendirildi\u011fi, kaynak verimlili\u011finin temin edildi\u011fi ve hammadde maliyetinin azalt\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve yenilik\u00e7ilik temelli d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi sistemine b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (T.C. Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2021). D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi ilkeleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\u2022 Yeniden D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek (Rethink)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Azaltmak (Reduce)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Yeniden Kullanmak (Re use)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Tamir Etmek (Repair)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Yenilemek (Refurbish)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Yeniden \u00dcretmek (Remanufacture)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ba\u015fka Bir Ama\u00e7la Kullanmak \u00dczere De\u011fi\u015ftirmek (Repurpose)<\/p>\n
\u2022 Geri D\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm (Recycle) D\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomi, ba\u015fta Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) \u00fclkeleri olmak \u00fczere, \u00c7in, \u0130ngiltere ve Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde giderek \u00f6nem kazanan bir ekonomi modelidir. \u00dclkemizde g\u00fcndeme gelmesinin temel nedenlerinden biri de \u201cAvrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131\u201d (AYM) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde belirlenen strateji ve hedeflerdir.<\/p>\n
Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019nde, s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir geli\u015fme ve ye\u015fil ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015f amac\u0131yla 11 Aral\u0131k 2019 tarihinde Avrupa Komisyonu taraf\u0131ndan ortaya konulan \u201cAvrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131\u201d Avrupa Birli\u011fi\u2019ne \u00fcye \u00fclkeler i\u00e7in 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131f\u0131rlanaca\u011f\u0131 bir d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc (iklim \/ karbon n\u00f6tr\u2013 climate neutral) hedeflemektedir. Bununla birlikte, AYM ile AB \u00fclkeleri ile ticaret yapan di\u011fer \u00fclkelerin sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmas\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 da ama\u00e7lanmaktad\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin AB \u00fclkeleri ile ticaret a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek olan \u00fclkelerden biri olmas\u0131, sera gaz\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131mlar\u0131 konusuna \u00f6nem verilmesini gerekli k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Ticaretinin yar\u0131s\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 AB \u00fclkeleri ile ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiren T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, enerji y\u00f6netimi konusunda strateji ve politikalar\u0131na y\u00f6n verirken, AB\u2019nin ataca\u011f\u0131 ad\u0131mlar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan takip etmesi gerekmektedir. Bu durum, bir yandan AB ile ili\u015fkilerin s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclmesi, di\u011fer yandan uluslararas\u0131 rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fin korunmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nem arz etmektedir. Bu \u00e7er\u00e7evede, Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan, 2021 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u201cYe\u015fil Mutabakat Eylem Plan\u0131\u201d haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
T\u00dc\u0130K \u201cSera Gaz\u0131 Emisyon \u0130statistikleri, 1990-2020\u201d verilerine g\u00f6re 1990- 2020 y\u0131llar\u0131nda toplam sera gaz\u0131 emisyon de\u011ferlerini inceledi\u011fimizde son d\u00f6neme kadar artan bir trendde oldu\u011funu g\u00f6rmekteyiz.<\/p>\n
Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi ye\u015fil ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcrecinde Sanayi ve Teknoloji Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 2023 Sanayi ve Teknoloji Stratejisi ile sanayi alan\u0131nda \u00e7evreye duyarl\u0131 ve ye\u015fil ekonomi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde d\u00fczenlemeler yaparak d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel ekonomiye ge\u00e7i\u015f s\u00fcreci i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar atmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Ye\u015fil Mutabakat Eylem Plan\u0131, 32 hedef ve 81 eylemi i\u00e7eren 9 ba\u015fl\u0131k alt\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesi planlanan eylemleri s\u0131ralamaktad\u0131r. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar (T.C. Ticaret Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, 2021):<\/p>\n
\u2022 S\u0131n\u0131rda karbon d\u00fczenlemeleri,<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ye\u015fil ve d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel bir ekonomi<\/p>\n
\u2022 Ye\u015fil finansman,<\/p>\n
\u2022 Temiz, ekonomik ve g\u00fcvenli enerji arz\u0131,<\/p>\n
\u2022 S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir tar\u0131m,<\/p>\n
\u2022 S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ak\u0131ll\u0131 ula\u015f\u0131m,<\/p>\n
\u2022 \u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi ile m\u00fccadele,<\/p>\n
\u2022 Diplomasi,<\/p>\n
\u2022 Avrupa Ye\u015fil Mutabakat\u0131 bilgilendirme ve bilin\u00e7lendirme faaliyetleri, \u015feklinde s\u0131ralanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Enerji Verimlili\u011fi ve Ye\u015fil Mutabakat hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi sahibi olmak ve dergimizi incelemek i\u00e7in t\u0131klay\u0131n: INDUSTRIAL FURNACES 8. SAYI<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n